An Efficient Algorithm for Congestion Control in Highly Loaded DiffServ/MPLS Networks

Optimal QoS path provisioning of coexisted and aggregated traffic in networks is still demanding problem. All traffic flows in a domain are distributed among LSPs (Label Switching Path) related to N service classes, but the congestion problem of concurrent flows can appear. As we know the IGP (Interior Getaway Protocol) uses simple on-line routing algorithms (e.g. OSPFS, IS-IS) based on shortest path methodology. In QoS end-to-end provisioning where some links may be reserved for certain traffic classes (for particular set of users) it becomes insufficient technique. On other hand, constraint-based explicit routing (CR) based on IGP metric ensures traffic engineering (TE) capabilities. But in overloaded and poorly connected MPLS/DiffServ networks the CR becomes insufficient technique. As we need firm correlation with bandwidth management and traffic engineering (TE) the initial (pro-active) routing can be pre-computed in the context of all priority traffic flows (former contracted SLAs) traversing the network simultaneously. It mean that LSP can be pre-computed much earlier, possibly during SLA (Service Level Agreement) negotiation process. In the paper a new load simulation technique for load balancing control purpose is proposed. The algorithm proposed in the paper may find a longer but lightly loaded path, better than the heavily loaded shortest path. It could be a very good solution for congestion avoidance and for better load-balancing purpose where links are running close to capacity. Also, such technique could be useful in inter-domain end-to-end provisioning, where bandwidth reservation has to be negotiated with neighbor ASes (Autonomous System). To be acceptable for real applications such complicated routing algorithm can be significantly improved. Algorithm was tested on the network of M core routers on the path (between edge routers) and results are given for N=3 service classes. Further improvements through heuristic approach are made and results are discussed

Pliocene seismostratigraphic units in the Adriatic offshore, south of the Vis island : master’s thesis

Na temelju seizmičkih i bušotinskih podataka na području jadranskog podmorja južno od Visa, korištenjem programskog paketa Petrel, definirane su strukturne karte krovine miocenskog i krovine pliocenskog slijeda naslaga u vremenskom mjerilu. Seizmostratigrafskom interpretacijom između ovih strukturnih površina proučeni su stratigrafski odnosi stijena pliocenske starosti u kojima je izdvojeno pet sekvencijskih granica tipa 1 (nazvane granice a, b, c, d, i e) kojima su definirane podinske i krovinske granice četiriju seizmostratigrafskih jedinica – A, B, C i D. Izrađene su strukturne karte po navedenim stratigrafskim granicama u vremenskom mjerilu kao i karte debljina izdvojenih jedinica u vremenskom mjerilu. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate potvrđuje se da nakon taloženja sekvencije A tijekom donjeg-srednjeg pliocena dolazi do regionalne promjene taložnih uvjeta u gornjem pliocenu, i to postupno od taloženja na vanjskom šelfu do taloženja na srednjem i unutarnjem šelfu. Ova promjena se reflektira u progradaciji gornjopliocenskih sedimenata koji čine sekvencije B, C i D, sa sjevernog ruba kartiranog područja prema jug-jugozapadu.Based on seismic and well data of Adriatic offshore area south of Vis island, tops of the Miocene and Pliocene age rocks were mapped using PetrelTM software package. Seismostratigraphic interpretation of Pliocene rock interval is based primarily on the five type 1 sequence stratigraphic boundaries named – a, b, c, d and e. The first four of these boundaries represent the base surfaces of four new seismostratigraphic sequences named A, B, C and D, while e is the top of sequence D and equals the top of Pliocene sediments. The reconstruction of the of these units is based on time-depth maps. The thickness of sequences was mapped in two-way time scale, as well as their boundary surfaces. As a result of this study it was concluded that after the sedimentation of sequence A in outer shelf environment during the Lower-Middle Pliocene, a shallowing event occurs at the beginning of Upper Pliocene. As indicated by B, C and D sequences, sedimentation is characterized by gradual progradation of the middle and inner shelf sediments from the northern edge of the mapped area towards the south-southwest

Pliocene seismostratigraphic units in the Adriatic offshore, south of the Vis island : master’s thesis

Na temelju seizmičkih i bušotinskih podataka na području jadranskog podmorja južno od Visa, korištenjem programskog paketa Petrel, definirane su strukturne karte krovine miocenskog i krovine pliocenskog slijeda naslaga u vremenskom mjerilu. Seizmostratigrafskom interpretacijom između ovih strukturnih površina proučeni su stratigrafski odnosi stijena pliocenske starosti u kojima je izdvojeno pet sekvencijskih granica tipa 1 (nazvane granice a, b, c, d, i e) kojima su definirane podinske i krovinske granice četiriju seizmostratigrafskih jedinica – A, B, C i D. Izrađene su strukturne karte po navedenim stratigrafskim granicama u vremenskom mjerilu kao i karte debljina izdvojenih jedinica u vremenskom mjerilu. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate potvrđuje se da nakon taloženja sekvencije A tijekom donjeg-srednjeg pliocena dolazi do regionalne promjene taložnih uvjeta u gornjem pliocenu, i to postupno od taloženja na vanjskom šelfu do taloženja na srednjem i unutarnjem šelfu. Ova promjena se reflektira u progradaciji gornjopliocenskih sedimenata koji čine sekvencije B, C i D, sa sjevernog ruba kartiranog područja prema jug-jugozapadu.Based on seismic and well data of Adriatic offshore area south of Vis island, tops of the Miocene and Pliocene age rocks were mapped using PetrelTM software package. Seismostratigraphic interpretation of Pliocene rock interval is based primarily on the five type 1 sequence stratigraphic boundaries named – a, b, c, d and e. The first four of these boundaries represent the base surfaces of four new seismostratigraphic sequences named A, B, C and D, while e is the top of sequence D and equals the top of Pliocene sediments. The reconstruction of the of these units is based on time-depth maps. The thickness of sequences was mapped in two-way time scale, as well as their boundary surfaces. As a result of this study it was concluded that after the sedimentation of sequence A in outer shelf environment during the Lower-Middle Pliocene, a shallowing event occurs at the beginning of Upper Pliocene. As indicated by B, C and D sequences, sedimentation is characterized by gradual progradation of the middle and inner shelf sediments from the northern edge of the mapped area towards the south-southwest

Pliocene seismostratigraphic units in the Adriatic offshore, south of the Vis island : master’s thesis

Na temelju seizmičkih i bušotinskih podataka na području jadranskog podmorja južno od Visa, korištenjem programskog paketa Petrel, definirane su strukturne karte krovine miocenskog i krovine pliocenskog slijeda naslaga u vremenskom mjerilu. Seizmostratigrafskom interpretacijom između ovih strukturnih površina proučeni su stratigrafski odnosi stijena pliocenske starosti u kojima je izdvojeno pet sekvencijskih granica tipa 1 (nazvane granice a, b, c, d, i e) kojima su definirane podinske i krovinske granice četiriju seizmostratigrafskih jedinica – A, B, C i D. Izrađene su strukturne karte po navedenim stratigrafskim granicama u vremenskom mjerilu kao i karte debljina izdvojenih jedinica u vremenskom mjerilu. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate potvrđuje se da nakon taloženja sekvencije A tijekom donjeg-srednjeg pliocena dolazi do regionalne promjene taložnih uvjeta u gornjem pliocenu, i to postupno od taloženja na vanjskom šelfu do taloženja na srednjem i unutarnjem šelfu. Ova promjena se reflektira u progradaciji gornjopliocenskih sedimenata koji čine sekvencije B, C i D, sa sjevernog ruba kartiranog područja prema jug-jugozapadu.Based on seismic and well data of Adriatic offshore area south of Vis island, tops of the Miocene and Pliocene age rocks were mapped using PetrelTM software package. Seismostratigraphic interpretation of Pliocene rock interval is based primarily on the five type 1 sequence stratigraphic boundaries named – a, b, c, d and e. The first four of these boundaries represent the base surfaces of four new seismostratigraphic sequences named A, B, C and D, while e is the top of sequence D and equals the top of Pliocene sediments. The reconstruction of the of these units is based on time-depth maps. The thickness of sequences was mapped in two-way time scale, as well as their boundary surfaces. As a result of this study it was concluded that after the sedimentation of sequence A in outer shelf environment during the Lower-Middle Pliocene, a shallowing event occurs at the beginning of Upper Pliocene. As indicated by B, C and D sequences, sedimentation is characterized by gradual progradation of the middle and inner shelf sediments from the northern edge of the mapped area towards the south-southwest